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Circles and coordinates

Arc length and sector area, inscribed and central angles, distance and midpoint, and the equation of a circle.
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About Circles and coordinates

A slice of a circle is a fraction of the whole: an arc is that fraction of the circumference and a sector is that fraction of the area, with the fraction set by the central angle out of 360°. An inscribed angle, whose corner sits on the circle, is always half the arc it opens onto.

On the coordinate plane, the distance formula is Pythagoras in disguise, the midpoint is the average of the two points, and a circle is every point at distance r from its center, which is exactly what (x − h)² + (y − k)² = r² says.

Keep in mind

  • Arc length = (angle/360) × 2πr. Sector area = (angle/360) × πr².
  • A central angle equals its arc. An inscribed angle is half its arc.
  • An angle inscribed in a semicircle is 90°.
  • Distance = √((x₂ − x₁)² + (y₂ − y₁)²). Midpoint = ((x₁ + x₂)/2, (y₁ + y₂)/2).
  • Circle: (x − h)² + (y − k)² = r², center (h, k), radius r. Complete the square to get there from x² + y² + Dx + Ey + F = 0.

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Circles and coordinates · Math practice · Backpack