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Area and volume

Area and perimeter of the common shapes, and the volume and surface area of boxes, cylinders, cones, spheres and pyramids.
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About Area and volume

Area is how much flat space a shape covers; perimeter is the distance around it. Most area formulas come from the rectangle: a triangle is half of one, a parallelogram is one pushed sideways, and a trapezoid is one with an average width.

Volume is the space inside a solid, and surface area is the total of its faces. A prism or cylinder is its base area times its height; a cone or pyramid is a third of that; and a sphere has its own pair of formulas.

Keep in mind

  • Rectangle: A = lw. Triangle: A = ½bh. Parallelogram: A = bh. Trapezoid: A = ½(b₁ + b₂)h.
  • Circle: A = πr², C = 2πr.
  • Prism or cylinder: V = (base area) × h. Cone or pyramid: V = ⅓ × (base area) × h.
  • Sphere: V = 4/3 πr³, surface area 4πr².
  • Surface area of a box: 2(lw + lh + wh). Cylinder: 2πr² + 2πrh.

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